2205 duplex stainless steel (UNS S32305/S31803) is a duplex stainless steel composed of 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum and 5-6% nickel-nitrogen alloy. It has high strength, good impact toughness and good overall and local strong corrosion resistance.

Compared with 316L and 317L austenitic stainless steel, 2205 duplex stainless steel has superior performance in pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion, it has high corrosion resistance, and compared with austenitic, it has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion , the thermal conductivity is higher.

Compared to austenitic stainless steels, it has twice the compressive strength, and designers can save weight and cost less than 316L and 317L.

2205 (UNS S32205/S31803) 22% chrome, 3% molybdenum stainless steel

General Properties Application Areas Standard Corrosion Resistance Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties Structural CNC Machining And Welding

General properties 2205 duplex stainless steel is a duplex stainless steel machining composed of 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum and 5-6% nickel nitrogen. It has high strength, good impact toughness and good overall and local stress corrosion resistance. Compared with 316L and 317L austenitic stainless steel, 2205 duplex stainless steel has superior performance in pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion. It has high corrosion resistance and has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than austenite. , higher thermal conductivity. The yield strength of 2205 is twice that of austenitic stainless steels, a feature that allows designers to reduce weight when designing products, making this alloy more affordable than 316, 317L. This alloy is particularly suitable for use in the -50°F/+600°F temperature range. For applications outside this temperature range, this alloy can also be considered, but there are some limitations, especially when applied to welded structures.

Application Field Of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

• oPressure vessels, high pressure storage tanks, high pressure pipes, heat exchangers (chemical machining industry).
• oOil and gas pipelines, heat exchanger cnc turning stainless steel fittings.
• o Sewage treatment system.
• o Pulp and paper industry classifiers, bleaching plants, storage and handling systems.
• o Rotary shafts, press rolls, blades, impellers, etc. in high-strength and corrosion-resistant environments.
• o Cargo boxes for ships or trucks
• o Food processing equipment

ASTM/ASME………..A240 UNS S32205/ S31803 EURONORM……..1.4462 X2CrNiMoN 22.5.3 AFNOR………… …….Z3 CrNi 22.05 AZ DIN ………………………W. Nr 1.4462

Corrosion Resistance Uniform Corrosion Due to the chromium content ( 22%), molybdenum (3%) and nitrogen content (0.18%), the corrosion resistance of 2205 is better than 316L and 317L in most environments.

Local corrosion resistance The content of chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen in 2205 makes it highly resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in oxidizing and acidic solutions.

Corrosion curve 4 mpy (0.1 mm/yr) in sulfuric acid with 2000 ppm chloride

The dual-phase microstructure of stress-corrosion-resistant stainless steels contributes to improved resistance to stress-corrosion cracking of stainless steel parts. In the presence of certain temperature, stress, oxygen and chloride , austenitic stainless steel will undergo chloride stress corrosion. Since these conditions are not easily controlled, the use of 304L, 316L and 317L is limited in this regard.

Corrosion fatigue resistance The high strength and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel make it have a high corrosion fatigue resistance. CNC Machine is susceptible to corrosive environments and loading cycles, and the properties of 2205 are ideal for such applications.

Uniform Corrosion in Wet Machined Phosphoric Acid

Stress Corrosion Cracking

Average chemical composition (weight %)

Mechanical properties Mechanical properties at room temperature

Tensile properties at high temperature

Physical Properties

physical properties

The chemical composition of structure 2205 is 1900°/1922°F (1040°/1080°C) solution annealed to obtain the ideal microstructure of 50 α / 50 γ . Heat treatment at temperatures above 2000°F may result in an increase in ferrite content. Like other duplex stainless steels , 2205 duplex stainless steel is susceptible to intermetallic precipitation. The intermetallic phase precipitates between 1300°F and 1800°F , with the fastest precipitation at 1600°F. Therefore, we need to test 2205 to ensure that there is no intermetallic phase, and the test refers to ASTM A 923.

Processing Hot Forming We recommend forming at temperatures below 600°F as much as possible. During the hot forming process, the entire workpiece should be heated as a whole and should be done in the temperature range of 1750°F to 2250°F, where 2205 duplex stainless steel is very soft. If the temperature is too high, 2205 duplex stainless steel is prone to hot tearing. Below this temperature, austenite will fracture. Below 1700°F, intermetallic phases form rapidly due to the effects of temperature and deformation. Immediately after hot forming, they should be solution annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F and quenched to restore phase balance, toughness and corrosion resistance. We do not recommend stress relief, but if necessary, the material should be solution annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F, then rapidly cooled and water quenched.

Cold-formed 2205 duplex stainless steel can be cut and cold-formed. However, due to the high strength and hardness of 2205 duplex stainless steel, it needs to be cold formed more than austenitic steel, and because of its high strength, the springback factor should be fully considered.

Heat treated 2205 duplex stainless steel should be annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F, then rapidly cooled and water quenched. This treatment is used for solution annealing and stress relief. Stress-relief treatments performed at temperatures below 1900°F tend to result in the precipitation of detrimental metallic or non-metallic phases.

Machinability On high-speed machines , the feed rates and cutting speeds of 2205 duplex stainless steel are the same as those of 316L. With carbonized knives, the cutting speed is reduced by approximately 20% compared to the 316L, where the performance of the machine and its components plays a key role.

The weldability of welding 2205 duplex stainless steel is very good. The performance to be achieved by 2205 duplex stainless steel is that the weld metal and thermally modified parts still maintain the same corrosion resistance, strength and toughness as the base metal. The welding of 2205 is not difficult, but its welding procedure needs to be designed so that after welding, a good phase balance can be maintained and the precipitation of harmful metal phases or non-metal phases can be avoided. The 2205 can be welded in the following equipment: GTAW (TIG); GMAW (MIG); SMAW (“stick” electrode); SAW; FCW; and PAW.

Will God Forgive Me If I Keep Sinning?

With everything the Lord did for the Israelites in the wilderness, they continually sinned against Him. Unfortunately, we are prone to do the same thing..Did you ever wonder if God forgives you even if you keep sinning? Click on the link below to read today's post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Evangelism #Psalms #sin

https://www.ramckinley.com/will-god-forgive-me-if-i-keep-sinning/

He Who Has Ears Let Him Hear

Nestled between 4 parables Jesus gave an important message on "understanding." In our verse for today, He gave us the key to getting more understanding of biblical principles. And it applies to everyone who has ears to hear. Click on the link below to read today's post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Mark

https://www.ramckinley.com/he-who-has-ears-let-him-hear/

The Story Of Gideon And The Angel

We view Gideon as a hero, which he rightly was, but not at the beginning. He belittled himself, questioned God, and wanted extra proof. In other words he didn't do anything we wouldn't have done ourselves. This post is a must read. Check it out by clicking on the link below. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Judges

https://www.ramckinley.com/the-story-of-gideon-and-the-angel/

http://bhecrocks.com We help small businesses with regulation crowdfunding tactics and strategies  contact Rickey Johnson 623-455-6364

This is a great article!!!  Provide a great "picture" of how regulation crowdfunding works. Why it is an exceptional financial strategies for funding. How the banks may not help even if they are open to business proprosal.  If you would like to discuss this more, call me

Is the Future of Restaurants Grassroots Funded?
Regulation crowdfunding allows people to directly lend to businesses they want to see grow — and earn profits from having done so

by Emily Wilson Apr 25, 2022, 9:23am EDT

When Reesa Kashuk was ready to take the next step toward growing her Bay Area bagel business, she knew that she’d need to raise some money. A former account manager at an advertising agency, Kashuk started making bagels under the moniker Poppy Bagels in 2018, but only pivoted careers during the pandemic. Initially, she missed the New York-style bagels she grew up eating and over time, she created a local brand known for its chewy, heavily seasoned bagels with a touch of malty sweetness.

Currently, she takes pre-orders for bagel deliveries across the Bay Area and serves composed “sandos” — including a popular spicy and sweet number with jalapeno-serrano cream cheese and local honey — at Oakland’s Grand Lake Farmers Market on Saturdays. Like many other successful pop-up operators, Kashuk’s goal is to open a brick-and-mortar shop. As she worked to secure a lease for the bakery (which will be in the Temescal neighborhood of Oakland), she projected she’d need $150,000 to complete the build-out of the space, buy equipment, and upgrade her website. Then she started exploring her options to secure the money.

Even though it seems like the obvious first step, getting a loan from a bank wasn’t really an option for Kashuk: It’s difficult for nascent businesses (particularly restaurants, which are considered risky) to secure a loan. “They’ll talk to you, and they might get your hopes up, but they do not want to lend to businesses of this size,” Kashuk says. She also considered the crowdfunding platforms Kickstarter and GoFundMe, but not for long, because she felt uncomfortable asking her friends and customers for money without a tangible sense of what she owed them in return. Although Kickstarter allows its creators to issue rewards in return for money as opposed to GoFundMe’s donation-based model, “it’s hard to value them and know how much they’re worth both for me as a business giving something away and for the people on the receiving end,” she says. When she heard about SMBX, a platform that would allow people to invest in her business and get paid back over time, she was immediately drawn to it.

SMBX stands for Small and Medium Business Exchange and works by issuing bonds (loans that come from individuals instead of a bank) from business owners to everyday investors in increments of $10. Anyone with a credit card or a bank account can buy bonds in local businesses on SMBX, which entrepreneurs like Kashuk are then required to pay back with interest over time. Kashuk first heard of the exchange from other local businesses already using it, specifically the famed San Francisco ice cream brand Humphry Slocombe and the Salvadoran pop-up Popoca. “I was looking for a way to raise money that was relatively affordable and flexible, and SMBX fit that bill,” Kashuk says. “The bonus was that my community could get involved in a real and tangible way.”

The ability for anyone to financially invest in a small business and earn passive income is called regulation crowdfunding, and it’s beginning to gain traction with its promise of transparent, equitable, and collective investing in local businesses. Regulation crowdfunding didn’t exist until 2017, when Title III of the JOBS Act passed, making it permissible for businesses to publicly raise capital, including from individuals with less than a million dollars in net worth (otherwise known as non-accredited investors). Previously, investments in private companies had to be solicited directly, and only from wealthy citizens. “You couldn’t post on Facebook, ‘Hey, I’m looking for investors. Invest in my company,’” says Nick Mathews, the co-founder and CEO of Mainvest. His Massachusetts-based company is one of several SEC-registered intermediary platforms that launched in the aftermath of the new legal framework.

The difference between investing in a project on regulation crowdfunding platforms as opposed to making a donation through Kickstarter and receiving a reward with financial value (such as a free meal at a future restaurant) is the potential to earn a profit. Crowdfunding in general enables people to support the creative and business efforts of their peers, while regulation crowdfunding is also a way for individuals to diversify their investment portfolios outside of stocks. Mohammed Khonizi, a YouTuber who covers how to build passive income through financial technology companies on his channel Wealthy Panda, has invested in several businesses on SMBX (including Poppy Bagels), Mainvest, and similar platforms such as Honeycomb Credit and Republic Local. His reasoning for these investments, he says, is two-fold: to “help more businesses achieve their goals and help diversify my portfolio.”

For Chris Haugh, an author and friend of Kashuk’s, investing in Poppy Bagels was his first experience with regulation crowdfunding. He says his decision to invest over $1,000 into Poppy Bagels was not only about supporting Kashuk, but also because he believes in the business and thinks it will be a meaningful addition to the community. “Look no further than [Berkeley’s] Boichik Bagels selling out by 11 a.m. on the weekends, they just can’t meet the demand,” he says. “Not to mention Poppy did a pop-up in the same area that the store is going to be and there was a line three blocks long.” Furthermore, since business owners who fundraise on SMBX and other regulation crowdfunding platforms are required to provide their SEC filings, business statements, and financial records, Haugh was able to understand the potential for Poppy’s economic success. “I would like to think that I would donate as much as I did to her business regardless, but the fact that it’s going to make me some money makes it a lot easier to allocate the pool of cash [to Poppy Bagels] that I would have been investing elsewhere, whether an index fund or real estate venture,” he adds.

For her bond offering of $150,000, Kashuk received an interest rate of 7 percent from SMBX to be paid back over five years. She had also considered a loan application through the Small Business Administration, but ultimately decided on SMBX because it was simpler, more affordable, and more flexible. For an SBA loan, she says the interest rate would’ve been variable and higher, and that her use of funds would be more highly regulated. By timing her SMBX raise launch with some local press, Kashuk was able to meet her target in just 11 days. There were 173 people who invested, many for the minimum amount of $10. Her largest investment was $20,700.

“[A] $100 investment would yield $119 at the end of the term [for the investor], while a $1,000 investment will yield $1,188,” Kashuk explains. The final return is a compounded amount of the principal investment plus 7 percent interest, but SMBX bonds are designed to be paid back equally on a monthly basis — for example, $19.80 per month for a $1,000 investment — so that businesses can have (and investors can expect) consistent payouts. An investment in Poppy Bagels or another food business by way of regulation crowdfunding is low-interest compared to other financial investments, albeit one that has the primary goal of supporting one’s community. On Kashuk’s SMBX page, she laid out how the funds would be used: 78.5 percent for the build-out of the bakery, 16.5 percent for equipment, and 1.5 percent for website upgrades. The other 3.5 percent went to SMBX, which is the percentage that the platform takes to generate its own revenue.

Along with money to spend, regulation crowdfunding also gave Kashuk a way to make investors out of her customers, who are now intimately interested in her success. “I really felt like it’s a true win-win for the investor,” she says. “They can help support a business, they care about helping it grow, they’re eager to get involved, but they also get to make money at a competitive rate.”

That’s not to say there is zero risk involved for Poppy’s investors. If Poppy were to go bankrupt, SMBX says they would work with Kashuk to try and recover as much investment as possible, but investors would likely still lose money. Mainvest’s website informs potential investors that investments on their platform are “inherently risky” since “it is very likely that some of the companies listed on our site will fail to repay their loans.”

While SMBX and Mainvest do provide potential investors with information on how regulation crowdfunding works, there’s still a long way to go when it comes to educating the public and making this way of investing mainstream. Many people are confused by financial terms like “bond” and “securities” and are taken aback by the fact that you have to give your social security number as a means of protection to invest in companies on SEC-regulated platforms. Kashuk says she had to do an AMA (“Ask Me Anything”) on her Instagram and field a barrage of DMs to explain how SMBX worked. “As I started explaining it more and more, I saw more people from my community invest as they learned what it was,” she says.

As the regulation crowdfunding space grows, it’s important to note that there are differences in the way that each platform has designed the financial framework of the investments that they power. For example, Mainvest issues revenue-sharing loans for a minimum of $100 as opposed to SMBX’s $10. It also enables entrepreneurs to issue equity to investors if they want to, meaning that investors would be granted an ownership claim in the company’s profits — instead of their money paid back plus interest — and could stand to make a significant profit if the business became a runaway success.

Granting an equity stake in the business is a common deal structure when wealthy individuals give money to restaurants. A big reason that regulation crowdfunding is appealing to small food business owners like Kashuk, though, is that they aren’t required to surrender any of their ownership. “I own 100 percent of the business and I never considered giving up equity,” she says. Benjamin Lozano, the co-founder and CEO of SMBX, says that he has found that “most small businesses do not want to give up equity in their company, they want to borrow money at reasonable rates, pay off that loan, and walk away.”

Another draw of regulation crowdfunding is the lack of barriers that exist in more traditional methods, such as bank loans and venture capital. Racism is prevalent in institutional lending. Lozano, the son of a first-generation Mexican American, says that while working for his father’s boutique accounting firm in Santa Ana, California, he saw firsthand how minorities struggle to gain the same access to financial opportunities that people of more privileged backgrounds can acquire more easily. By contrast, SMBX doesn’t even require a credit check for those looking to raise money on the platform.

As Lozano points out, Americans already lend to small businesses indirectly through their banks, which borrow money from customers to support businesses in need of loans, and then reward those customers with minuscule interest payments. “The only difference is that we don’t have any say in who [i.e., which banks] lend it to, in what our money is being used to support and create — and then the bank keeps the profits,” he says. Regulation crowdfunding gives people a way to directly lend to the businesses they want to see grow, and earn profits from having done so.

This notion of built-in community validation is promising for the future of regulation crowdfunding, especially when it comes to restaurants and food businesses. That feels true for Kashuk at least, who is hopeful about how her investors will engage with her business in the long term as they continue to receive payments, whether that engagement is encouraging others to invest or simply getting others to buy some bagels. “They’re going to be constantly reminded that Poppy is earning them money, and maybe be more invested in my success, telling people about the business and coming to support,” she says.

Emily Wilson is a Los Angeles-based food writer from New York. She has contributed to Bon Appétit, TASTE, Resy, the Los Angeles Times, Punch, Vegetarian Times, Atlas Obscura, and more. Carolyn Figel is a freelance illustrator and animator living in Brooklyn, New York.

Do Everything Without Complaining

Are you letting your light shine brightly in the world around you? When criticism and persecution come your way, are you able to handle everything without complaining? Do we have the right to complain? Click on the link below for answers in today's post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Philippians

https://www.ramckinley.com/do-everything-without-complaining/

Husband and Wife Relationship

The husband and wife relationship is easy to talk about when the marriage sails along harmoniously. When it’s going through stormy weather though, it’s a different story. In Ephesians 5, we read how a couple can maintain harmony in their marriage. Click on the link below to read today's post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Ephesians #Love

https://www.ramckinley.com/husband-and-wife-relationship/

This article was first published on the Abeidecor. As a professional home decoration supplier, this website has a lot of knowledge about home decor.

Read and find reliable home decoration suppliers now. This can help you further develop your business and become more competitive. Next we are going to share some excellent home decor suppliers.

Our Inheritance In Christ

Ephesians 1 says, all praise to God, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing, including these; Jesus paid the price for our salvation. We are identified with God through His Spirit. And the Holy Spirit has guaranteed our inheritance. Click on the link below to read a great commentary on today's chapter. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Ephesians

https://www.ramckinley.com/our-inheritance-in-christ/

A Self Evaluation Of Your Christian Life

The man called Job experienced sudden calamities and a harsh sickness. Even though Job had no idea why he was suffering, he never turned away from the Lord. How do you handle tough circumstances? Click on the link below to read today's post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Job

https://www.ramckinley.com/a-self-evaluation-of-your-christian-life/

Our Hope Is In Jesus

Some in the Corinthian church said there was no resurrection of the dead. The Apostle Paul told them our hope in Jesus goes much further than this life. We have an eternal hope because of the resurrection of Jesus. Click on the link below to read today's post. #1Corinthians #BibleStudy #Devotions #Hope

https://www.ramckinley.com/our-hope-is-in-jesus/

What Does The Bible Say About Judging Others?

Matthew recorded Jesus as saying “Do not judge, or you too will be judged.” The Apostle Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians who we can and cannot judge. In our chapter for today, the Apostle gives us instructions and encouragement. Click on the link below to read today's post. #1Corinthians #BibleStudy #Devotions #sin

https://www.ramckinley.com/what-the-bible-say-about-judging/

This article was first published on Yiwuagt.com. The site has a lot of articles about China imports knowledge.

The global cosmetics industry is booming, with sales expanding at a high rate in a variety of categories. With a market value of almost US$ 400 billion in 2019, the industry has seen a number of positive developments, including the introduction of organic beauty products and the integration of smart technology throughout the supply chain.

Furthermore, consumers are more likely to spend on beauty and personal care when their disposable income rises. This trend is gaining traction in a number of emerging economies, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The future picture for cosmetic chemicals is brightening as the popularity of cosmetics grows.

The global environment is characterised by continual R&D activity tied to product innovation, according to Fact.MR's cosmetic chemicals industry report. Environmentally friendly formulations made from natural ingredients are being prioritised by major corporations.

These natural raw materials contain no artificial additives, which is expected to become a competitive advantage for all major cosmetic chemical manufacturers in the next years. As consumers want greater brand transparency, cosmetic companies ensure that ingredient lists reassure buyers about the lack of harmful ingredients.

A study of the cosmetic chemicals landscape in the United States predicted a value share of more than US$ 6 billion by 2021. The ever-increasing diversity of the beauty and personal care sector is acknowledged as the primary growth driver for cosmetic chemicals in the United States.

In the cosmetics industry in the United States, increasing transparency regulations for ingredient labelling is a popular trend. Clean beauty has been gaining traction in the industry since 2018, according to Yeildify. Businesses are gradually embracing eco-friendly materials as a result of the FDA Ban 11 prohibiting the use of synthetic compounds such as bithinol and chloroform, resulting in increased production of organic cosmetic chemicals on a large scale.

Despite progress, the selling of cosmetic chemicals is projected to confront significant challenges in the future. Compliance with increased regulatory criteria by individual countries is a major development stumbling block.

While China appears to be a promising market, its regulations are continuously changing, making it difficult for businesses to keep up. The registration process can be time-consuming at times.

Love Is not . . .

1 Corinthians 13 known as the love chapter describes the characteristics of real love. It plainly tells us what it is and what it does and doesn’t do. It also tells us what love isn’t.

Click on the link below to read today's post. #1Corinthians #BibleStudy #Devotions #Love

https://www.ramckinley.com/love-is-not/

How To Present Your Body As A Living Sacrifice

In Romans 12 the Apostle Paul said we must each offer our body as a living sacrifice. Did you ever wonder what that looks like and how we can accomplish it? Today's post answers those two questions. Click on the link below to read this inspiring post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Romans

https://www.ramckinley.com/present-your-body-as-a-living-sacrifice/

God’s Justice Is Delivered To The Wicked

Romans 8:1 says, there is no condemnation for those who belong to Christ Jesus. Does that mean condemning the wicked is permissible? Maybe we should see God’s perspective on anger, judgment, and forgiveness. Click on the link below to read today's post. #BibleStudy #Devotions #Grace #Romans #sin

https://www.ramckinley.com/gods-justice/